That is actually two logical fallacies rolled into one: "Chronological Snobbery" (rejecting an idea based solely on when it was originated) and "Ad Hominem" (focusing on the people making the argument, instead of on the argument itself).
*** "I know the Bible is inspired because the Bible says so. And I believe what the Bible says because it is inspired." ***
This is "Circular Reasoning."
*** "Religion is evil. Religion requires mindless faith. Religion is responsible for so many evil acts in the world." ***
This is a huge example of the "Hasty Generalization" fallacy. Lumping all religious people together, from all varieties of organizations, faith, and belief systems, and labeling them "Religion," and declaring that they all commit evil or are part of an evil entity.
It is also a classic case of "Straw Man" fallacy-- arguing against a monolithic entity or group which doesn't even exist, and then claiming you have refuted every religious person.
*** "We should only accept scientific evidence as truth, and not philosophical claims." ***
This is a "Self-Defeating Claim," because the claim itself is a philosophical claim, therefore, if you accept this philosophical claim demanding that you reject philosophical claims, you must also reject this claim. It destroys itself.
In addition, science itself is based on numerous philosophical ideas, so rejecting philosophy as truth means rejecting science as truth as well.
*** "We have used logical, rational thinking to arrive at the conclusion that logical and rational thinking are, in reality, illusions, which do not provide accurate pictures of reality." ***
First, this is "Self-Defeating:" If you've refuted the idea of rational thinking by using rational thinking, you have invalidated your own finding, because you discovered this using a flawed, invalid method (rational thinking).
Second, you cannot claim to know the reality of something, if your conclusion is that we do not know the reality of things.
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